Вербальный раздел (Verbal Section)

Следующий раздел теста вербальный – Verbal Section. Перед его началом можно сделать пятиминутный перерыв. При выполнении заданий необходимо показать отличное знание английского языка. Здесь важен такой навык, как умение хорошо понимать прочитанное.

Усвоение текста (Reading Comprehension)

Первый блок раздела – Reading Comprehension – нацелен на оценку способностей к усвоению текста. Он состоит из отрывков, каждый из которых сопровождается вопросом на понимание смысла. Необходимо выбрать один ответ из предложенных вариантов.

Пример Reading Comprehension

Прочитайте этот текст:

The Food and Drug Administration has formulated certain severe restrictions regarding the use of antibiotics, which are used to promote the health and growth of meat animals. Though the different types of medicines mixed with the fodder of the animals kills many microorganisms, it also encourages the appearance of bacterial strains, which are resistant to anti-infective drugs. It has already been observed that penicillin and the tetracyclines are not as effective therapeutically as they once used to be. This resistance to drugs is chiefly caused due to tiny circlets of genes, called plasmids, which are transferable between different species of bacteria. These plasmids are also one of the two kinds of vehicles on which molecular biologists depend on while performing gene transplant experiments. Existing guidelines also forbid the use of plasmids, which bear genes for resistance to antibiotics, in the laboratories.
Though congressional debate goes on as to whether these restrictions need to be toughened with reference to scientists in their laboratories, almost no congressional attention is being paid to an ill advised agricultural practice, which produces deleterious effects.

1. In the present passage, the author's primary concern is with:

A. The discovery of methods, which eliminate harmful microorganisms without generating drug-resistant bacteria.
B. Attempting an explanation of the reasons for congressional inaction about the regulation of gene transplant experiments.
C. Portraying a problematic agricultural practice and its serious genetic consequences.
D. The verification of the therapeutic ineffectiveness of anti-infective drugs.
E. Evaluation of the recently proposed restrictions, which are intended to promote the growth of meat animals.

Правильный ответ: C.

2. As inferred from the above passage, the mutual transfer of plasmids between different bacteria can result in which of the following?

A. Microorganisms, which have an in-built resistance to drugs.
B. Therapeutically useful circlets of genes.
C. Penicillin like anti-infective drugs.
D. Viruses used by molecular biologists.
E. Carriers for performing gene transplant experiments.

Правильный ответ: A.

3. According to the above passage the author believes that those who favor the stiffening of restrictions on gene transplant research should logically also.

A. Approve and aid experiments with any plasmids except those, which bear genes for antibiotic resistance.
B. Inquire regarding the addition of anti-infective drugs to livestock feeds.
C. Oppose the using of penicillin and tetracyclines in order to kill microorganisms.
D. Agree to the development of meatier live-stock through the use of antibiotics.
E. Approve of congressional debate and discussion regarding science and health issues.

Правильный ответ: B.

4. The attitude the author has with reference to the development of bacterial strains that render antibiotic drugs in effective can best be described as
A. Indifferent
B. Perplexed
C. Pretentious189
D. Insincere
E. Apprehensive

Правильный ответ: E.

Проверка предложений (Sentence Correction)

В третьей части вербального раздела – Sentence Correction – вам предстоит продемонстрировать чувство стиля и владение грамматикой английского языка. Ваша задача – заменить выделенный фрагмент предложения на другой, правильный грамматически. Из предложенных вариантов ответов следует выбрать наиболее подходящий.

Пример Sentence Correction

Задание:

In ancient times, Nubia was the principal corridor where there were cultural influences transmitted between Black Africa and the Mediterranean basin.

Варианты ответов:
A. Where there were cultural influences transmitted.
B. Through which cultural influences were transmitted.
C. Where there was a transmission of cultural influences.
D. For the transmitting of cultural influences.
E. Which was transmitting cultural influences.

Правильный ответ: B.

Задание:

Among the reasons for the decline of New England agriculture in the last three decades were the high cost of land, the pressure of housing and commercial development, and basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.

Варианты ответов:

A. Basing a marketing and distribution system on importing produce from Florida and California.
B. Basing a marketing and distribution system on the imported produce of Florida and California.
C. Basing a system of marketing and distribution on the import of produce from Florida and California.
D. A marketing and distribution system based on importing produce from Florida and California.
E. A marketing and distribution system importing produce from Florida and California as its base.

Правильный ответ: D.

Анализ логических утверждений (Critical Reasoning)

В последней части испытаний вербального раздела – Critical Reasoning – проверяется умение понимать, оценивать и сопоставлять логические утверждения. Здесь вам предлагается определить, какое умозаключение делает автор высказывания, какие выводы вытекают из утверждения и то, насколько они очевидны. Также вы должны будете указать, какие аргументы усиливают позицию автора, а какие могут ее ослабить.

Пример Critical Reasoning

The rate of violent crime in this state is up 30 percent from last year. The fault lies entirely in our court system: Recently our judges' sentences have been so lenient that criminals can now do almost anything without fear of a long prison term. The argument above would be weakened if it were true that 

A. 85 percent of the other states in the nation have lower crime rates than does this state.
B. White collar crime in this state has also increased by over 25 percent in the last year.
C. 35 percent of the police in this state have been laid off in the last year due to budget cuts.
D. Polls show that 65 percent of the population in this state oppose capital punishment.
E. The state has hired 25 new judges in the last year to compensate for deaths and retirements.

Правильный ответ: C.

Задание:

The increase in the number of newspaper articles exposed as fabrications serves to bolster the contention that publishers are more interested in boosting circulation than in printing the truth. Even minor publications have staffs to check such obvious fraud. The argument above assumes that

A. Newspaper stories exposed as fabrications are a recent phenomenon.
B. Everything a newspaper prints must be factually verifiable.
C. Fact checking is more comprehensive for minor publications than for major ones.
D. Only recently have newspapers admitted to publishing intentionally fraudulent stories.

E. The publishers of newspapers are the people who decide what to print in their newspapers.

Правильный ответ: E.

Конечный результат получается путем прибавления к оценке за эссе баллов, полученных за вербальный и математический разделы.